These conditions can be determined by BoM or other AWSs. Three minutes later, the FO was heard on the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) as being happy to leave those pumps off. Other sections of the information paper repeated the information that was contained in the AIP. The METAR observation reports issued for Mildura at 0830 and 0900 showed light winds, visibility in excess of 10 km and the cloud lifting from broken at 3,400 to broken at 3,900 ft. Observations for Mildura (beta) Map View MetEye. As previously stated, given the forecast conditions at Adelaide Airport, the flight crews of Velocity1384 and Qantas 735 were not required to carry fuel for an alternate. The ATSB also found that in certain weather patterns and at certain locations, fog is both rare and difficult to forecast reliably. 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The systems supervisor was completing the final day of a 2day endorsement check for the position, and operating under supervision at the time of the occurrence. As their planned arrival time was 0917, the crew elected to continue to Adelaide. Mildura, Victoria November 2022 Daily Weather Observations IDCJDW3051.202211 Prepared at 13:01 UTC on Friday 2 December 2022 Source of data Observations were drawn from Mildura Airport {station 076031}. Himawari-8 provides observations that enable the Bureau to create true-colour images of the Australian region, every ten minutes, based on reflected visible light. The aircraft was certificated for autoland approaches, but the ground equipment was not. Whomsoever is in charge of this outfit must be a cowboy, and the workers presumably lazy cattle hands who just go with the flow. About 10 minutes later, the TTF was amended to forecast fog to occur before the aircraft's arrival time. At this stage, the company meteorologist called the BoM to determine their confidence in this clearance and also reviewed other information sources to determine the possible impact of fog on the arrival of Velocity 1384. The 0158 amended TAF for Mildura Airport was available to both flight crew and predicted a temporary deterioration (TEMPO) of the weather. The observations for Adelaide at that time supported that forecast. Wimmera Mallee Rainfall and River Conditions map, *Note - all levels are measured using the Australian Height Datum (AHD). That was, the FO was not expecting to necessarily be sent amended weather by flight following personnel. FL400 equates to 40,000 ft. More particularly, they indicate specific times when weather information was issued by the Bureau of Meteorology or Airservices Australia. During the investigation, the ATSB became aware that the En Route Supplement Australia (ERSA), which is a supplement to the AIP, and the Jeppesen Australian Airways Manual contained incomplete information on hazard alerting. As the Mildura AWIS was not broadcasting, application of the lower minima could only be applied if the actual QNH was obtained from ATC. The aircraft was not fitted with HGS. Significant fluctuations in forecast accuracy and the resulting risk to safety were observed over time. It seems like a nasty trick may have been played on you because it is likely that all the data was available in electronic form. imagine a nearby lightning strike producing a believable pulse. In this instance, that would have increased the risk of the starvation of fuel to the No.2 engine late in the approach or on landing due to the low fuel level in the No.2 main wing tank at that time. In addition, dissemination of the AIREP to both Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 when they came on frequency would have ensured they were aware of the deterioration at Mildura prior to arriving overhead the airport. So, there is no reading from a mercury thermometer for Mildura for 23 September 2017. In relation to forecasts and warnings, the ASH outlined a framework for prioritising tasks. Section 9.2, Inflight fuel management, section 9.2.1 Procedures, stated: The captain shall ensure that the fuel situation is continually monitored by inflight fuel checks. The 0358 amended TAF for Mildura that morning forecast light winds and scattered cloud at 3,000ft and broken cloud at 6,000 ft. It also influenced the decision making of the Virgin Australia flight watch personnel, who did not pass this weather to the flight crew of Velocity 1384. Without this, the diversion of an aircraft to an alternate due to poor weather at the destination will not trigger increased monitoring. Also details how to interpret the radar images and information on subscribing to further enhanced radar information services available from the Bureau of Meteorology. Latest Weather Observations for Mildura IDV60801 Issued at 9:22 am EDT Monday 16 January 2023 (issued every 10 minutes, with the page automatically refreshed every 10 minutes) About weather observations | Map of weather stations | Latest weather observations for VIC | Other Formats Station Details ID: 076031 Name: MILDURA AIRPORT Lat: -34.24 It also indicated that the FIS was for the provision of operational information, which included meteorological products and the existence of non-routine MET products. In response to this occurrence, Airservices advised that they would work with the Bureau of Meteorology to explore feasible options to provide information on significant deteriorations in weather conditions to address the very high frequency radio range limitations of the automated broadcast services. The investigation title has been amended to reflect this expanded investigation focus, which will include examination of the: A preliminary factual report into the circumstances of the occurrence is anticipated by 18 July 2013, and the final report is expected to be completed within 12 months. 26 February 2013 the recording for the probe is 37.3, while the mercury thermometer recorded 36.9 on the A8 form). For example, a report showing an improvement in the weather may be useful to an aircraft in the holding pattern directly overhead the aerodrome, to decide on whether or not to fly the approach or not. At the time that Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 switched to the Tailem Bend frequency, the last enroute frequency before Adelaide Approach, the controller queried both crews awareness of the fog at Adelaide Airport. visibility is the average distance that distinguishing obstacles can be seen around the aerodrome. At 0938, a LOW FUEL QTY Tank 2 message was recorded on the FDR, with 880 kg remaining in the No. This assessment resulted in the controller passing the latest SPECI for Mildura to all of the aircraft on frequency at 0935, which included Velocity 1384 and Qantas735. The No. Prior to the changes to the AIP and MATS in March 2009, ATC notified pilots receiving an ATC service about all SPECI reports and amendments to forecasts. The aircraft was positioned for a second approach, during which the cabin crew were briefed and prepared for an emergency landing, briefing the passengers to brace accordingly. You should read the important information in these notes. After informing the BoM of this omission, I have been told it is being looked-into that the relevant officer will follow-up on the missing month of data. The Qantas Flight Administration Manual, section 16.5.1, mandated the minimum fuel requirements for all engines operations. This resulted in enhancements to Virgins flight planning and flight following policies, re-organisation of the flight following section and expansion of communication infrastructure across the Virgin fleet. Particular emphasis was placed on prioritising and disseminating information, including the need to document these actions to ensure an accurate record and a common understanding between controllers and supervisors. This decision took into account the observations at Mildura, which indicated the weather there was suitable for landing. At 0816, the crew of Qantas 735 received information about the current conditions at Adelaide. While this is theoretically possible, to know if it is being achieved in practice it is necessary to analyse parallel measurements i.e. Readers are cautioned that there is the possibility that new evidence may become available that alters the circumstances as depicted in the report. The captain obtained the TAF for Leinster, which was about 30NM (56km) to the west of Darlot and, after determining it was suitable to do so, nominated Leinster as the alternate aerodrome. In addition, improved conditions could be expected from 1000 as the wind was forecast to tend southerly and both fog and low cloud were rare in a southerly flow at Mildura. On the morning of the occurrence, the upper air wind flight at 0300 measured the 2,000 ft wind as being outside the fog formation envelope of the fog forecasting procedures. The FO reported obtaining about 7 hours sleep the night prior to the occurrence and felt well rested. Link to Mildura Observations on BoM, or for more detailed weather and climatic conditions log in to Order Water. Oh dear Dr Marohasy, BoM must be triggered by this post: https://thewest.com.au/news/weather/bureau-of-meteorology-staff-step-up-industrial-action-ng-b88757610z. Subsequent SPECIs show that the visibility at Mildura reached a low of 200 m in fog at 1011. Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS). The provision of FIS in the US has more components than the system in Australia and is supported by greater infrastructure, both groundbased and inaircraft. This information was reported back to the crew of Qantas 735 as including a visibility of 700 m in fog. The only section in the AIP that defined hazard alerting procedures stated: A sudden (not forecast NOTAMed) change to a component of FIS having an immediate and detrimental effect on the safety of an aircraft will be communicated by ATC using the prefix Hazard Alert. In short, it appears that on the hottest days in Mildura during the period that manual readings were being taken after installation of the most recent probe no one was turning-up to take the manual reading from the mercury thermometer. At 0916, an air ambulance pilot who was departing Mildura Airport made a call to the Mallee sector air traffic controller, who was responsible for the airspace above Mildura. During the period prior to the occurrence involving VHYIR and VHVYK there were several amendments to the MATS regarding the provision of FIS, including three amendments as discussed below. The captains relevant aeronautical experience is outlined in Table3. The PF does most of the flying, except in defined circumstances; such as planning for descent, approach and landing. The arrival time of Velocity 1384 was planned for 0920, which was after the forecast clearance of the fog. As the crews of Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 became aware that the fog at Adelaide was not dissipating as initially forecast, they both started collecting weather and operational information for alternate airports. Common Traffic Advisory Frequency is the frequency on which pilots operating at a non-towered aerodrome should make positional radio broadcasts. See more current weather. The BoM reported that their assessment of Mildura at around 0830 showed that low cloud was more likely to occur than fog. In this case, controllers in adjacent sectors informed flight crew of the amended TAF and SPECIs for Adelaide from the time that the fog was included on the TTF at 0800. 159166. Cloud unexpected significant variations to amount, base or tops (by reference to QNH); Visibility reduced due fog, mist, hail, rain, snow or dust, improvement observed; Wind significant variation to forecast; Other Phenomena incidence of severe or moderate turbulence, thunderstorms, moderate or severe icing, hail, line squalls, standing waves or winds of 40 KT or more within 2,000FT of ground level. At altitudes above 10,000 ft in Australia, an aircrafts height above mean sea level is referred to as a flight level (FL). Information was sought from Virgin on their level of assurance that flight crew were complying with the above requirements. The implementation of the next generations of TAF verification, AVS2, aims to: Climatology Interface Development Project. The document described specific flight information regions in which the procedures were to apply, each having a section that was further divided into chapters dealing with specific topics. MATS version7, effective on 11 March 2009, amended the examples of non-routine meteorological products to selected SPECI reports under the Scope of FIS section. At this time, the Velocity1384 FO was out of the flight deck. Review of Flight Watch/Following activities across several carriers to obtain best practice for this activity Virgin America and Westjet were visited. The crew of Velocity 1384 reported that the first time they became aware of the fog at Adelaide was on initial contact with the Tailem Bend sector controller at 0844. Observations were drawn from Mildura Airport {station 076031}. This was in response to the 0800 TTF that showed fog with a predicted improvement from 0900. At 0918, just after Velocity 1384 transferred to this frequency, the controller for this sector informed them of four other aircraft due to arrive at Mildura around their arrival time, which included Qantas735. The BoM reported that their review of the forecasting used for Mildura on the day of the occurrence showed that the conditions (including wind direction) were not conducive to fog developing at that time of day and were more consistent with the possibility of low cloud. Moderate Flood Warning For The Herbert River Strong Wind Warning for Leeuwin and Albany coasts. Additionally, the AWB for Adelaide included the potential for fog by way of a code grey, but the TAF issued at 1800 did not forecast fog. As such, both crews were able to land under the provisions of CAR 257(5). The forecasters then decided to amend the Adelaide TAF at 0700 to include a 30 per cent probability of fog. The captain reporting obtaining about 6.5 hours sleep the night prior to the occurrence and being well rested. The overall assessment was considered minor and approved by the relevant managers. The first was at 0816 when Qantas 735 queried the conditions in Adelaide based on the forecast of fog in the 0800 TTF. Reliability of aviation weather forecastsAs a result of this and other occurrences involving observed but not forecast weather, the ATSB has commenced research investigation AR-2013-200 Reliability of aviation weather forecasts. The order of precedence in the provision of FIS by controllers was indicated as: Where air traffic service units provide both flight information and air traffic control services, give precedence to the provision of air traffic control over flight information, unless doing so would compromise safety. In addition, Virgins pilot weather requirements have been clarified and enhanced. For the remaining short haul domestic operations, primarily under 90 minutes flight time, the flight following service was considered as available, and was dependent on flight watch personnel workload at the time. influence on the flight crews decision making of that information flow. The next warning will be issued by 03:00 pm EDT on Thursday 19 January 2023. An advanced hardware and software system that is used by Airservices Australia to help manage domestic and international flights in Australian airspace. The crew of Qantas 735 asked ATC if the forecast improvement was likely to occur as expected. Non-normal procedures that are deemed time critical contain memory items for actioning by the crew before referencing the QRH. The Tailem Bend en route sector comprised the airspace from 36 NM (67 km) to 140 NM (259 km) to the east of Adelaide Airport. Due to unforecast weather in Adelaide, both aircraft diverted to an alternate airport at Mildura, Victoria. As the aircraft approached Adelaide, fog reduced the visibility at the airport to below the minimum required for landing. The visibility then started to increase, with the first SPECI showing no fog, but with mist and overcast cloud at 100 ft being issued at 1048. The BoM claims that measurements from such devices are 'comparable' to measurements from traditional mercury thermometers, which were used to measure official air temperatures at Mildura from 13 June 1889 until 1 November 1996. Information on the provision of hazard alerts was amended to require controllers to: Communicate a sudden (not forecast or NOTAMed) change to a component of FIS having an immediate and detrimental effect on the safety of aircraft by using the prefix Hazard Alert. Despite not being passed the updated weather information from their flight operations centre, the crew of Velocity 1384 had two opportunities to become aware of the deterioration in Adelaide prior to being notified at 0844 by the Tailem Bend controller. Between 0925 and 0931, the visibility at Mildura abruptly decreased from about 28km to 1,000 m. In addition to the recorded indications, the BoM forecaster received a phone call from ATC asking about the conditions. Meanwhile, if we consider the residual available parallel data the very hottest days according to readings from the electronic probe (30 November 2012, 18 January 2013, 5 January 2013, 8 January 2013, 6 January 2013, 1 December 2013, highest to lowest) have no equivalent reading from a mercury thermometer. Research has shown that appropriate flight crew situation awareness relies on crew being alert to developing situations and aware of the implications of these situations (Orasanu, 1993). Automatic weather stations (AWS) provide data to the BoM that is used to generate observation reports and forecasts at various locations throughout Australia. Sun protection recommended from 9:30 am to 5:50 pm, UV Index predicted to reach 12 [Extreme]. Amended TAF for Adelaide issued at 0700 EST passed to the crew of Qantas 735 via ACARS. Copyright 2014 - 2022 Jennifer Marohasy. However, it is often not practical to provide for a further alternate once a diversion has been initiated. On arrival at Mildura, Velocity 1384 and Qantas 735 had insufficient fuel to divert to any other airport and were committed to a landing in conditions below their landing minima. . Mild. (i) other activities likely to affect safety. A timing requirement on the provision of this operational information was also introduced so that pilots were alerted within one hour of the conditions with controllers being able to use various means to communicate the information including: by directed transmissions to those aircraft maintaining continuous communications with ATS at the time the information is identified and that are within one hours flight time of the conditions;[[27]]. An improvement in visibility was recorded from 1042, when the visibility increased above 3,000 m. The 1-minute AWS cloud data for Mildura Airport showed that the lowest layer of cloud was below 200ft at 0837, with increased cloud detected below 200 ft at 0918. It is also worth noting that the separation workload is generally greater than normal when weather disrupts the usual flow of traffic. If an ABS is not available, pilots may request weather information from ATS as part of the on-request flight information service. As their arrival time was 0917, the crew elected to continue to Adelaide at this point. These, and other factors, are investigated in detail in ATSB research report AR-2013-200. Although no safety issue was identified by the ATSB, the Bureau of Meteorology advised of the following safety action in response to this occurrence: Although the TTF and TAF are forecasts for the same aerodrome, they convey different information concerning the probability and timing of meteorological phenomena. As a result, the ATSB sought clarification from CASA on the extent to which pilots are able to use observation reports for in-flight planning decisions, such as to continue to the destination or initiate a diversion. Figure 3 shows the aircrafts approximate positions at 0900. The crews decisions to hold or attempt an immediate landing at a lower minima at Mildura Airport relied on crew judgement. The captain was the pilot flying and the first officer (FO) was the pilot monitoring. That is, conditions that were forecast to be below the alternate minima, were actually observed to be above those minima. (iii) relay of communications with ATC: IFR clearance and SVFR [special VFR] authorization. Light winds becoming easterly 15 to 20 km/h during the day then becoming light during the afternoon. Discretionary loading of additional fuel by an aircraft captain was allowed under each operators fuel policy. The second opportunity occurred at 0838, when ATC updated Qantas 735 on the conditions at Adelaide. a 'live' flight plan), the TTF shall be used in the first instance, providing the flight's scheduled ETA [estimated time of arrival] is within the validity time of the TTF. Subsequent TTFs were issued for Adelaide, each extending the predicted time for the fog to clear. For long haul operations and those flights to islands, Asia and from the east to the west coast of Australia, flights were actively followed. Flight watch personnel at Virgin reported reviewing this TAF for applicability to Velocity 1384. This arrangement is consistent with the service provided by Airservices. Check and double check, review and test it. The last 14 months of Daily Weather Observations for Mildura, Victoria are also here on this web site: Jan23Dec22Nov22Oct22Sep22Aug22Jul22Jun22May22Apr22Mar22Feb22Jan22Dec21. It stated that FIS was to include operational information about meteorological conditions and hazard alerts. any additional information that could assist the pilot in the avoidance of hazardous situations. Ltd. and Qantas Airways Ltd. Submissions were received from the flight crew of Velocity 1384, Airservices Australia, the Bureau of Meteorology, the Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Virgin Australia Airlines Pty. It also noted that: To ensure that accurate information is obtained in adequate time, pilots must take into consideration that ATC initiated FIS is limited to aircraft within one hours flight time of the condition or destination at time of receipt of the information by ATC. At around 0900, weather recording instrumentation at Mildura started to indicate patches of low cloud at around 400 ft. A visual satellite image indicated a bank of low cloud south of Mildura indicating that the prediction of temporary (TEMPO) deteriorations was still appropriate. Ltd. as Velocity 1384 and VH-VYK operated by Qantas Airways Ltd. as Qantas 735, were on scheduled flights to Adelaide, South Australia. A review of recorded radio communication between Qantas 735 and ATC identified that this frequency was also being monitored by the crew of Velocity1384 at this time. The investigation is continuing and will: The information contained in this Interim report is released in accordance with section 25 of the Transport Safety Investigation Act 2003 and is derived from the ongoing investigation of the occurrence. - Improve the accuracy of forecasts in relation to predicting the onset and cessation times for thunderstorms and below minima conditions at airports; - Result in developing a less conservative forecast approach for significant weather events (with below minima conditions); - Improve forecaster responsiveness in amending forecasts after weather events have passed; Although no safety issue was identified by the ATSB, Virgin Australia Airlines Pty. I understand that parallel recordings allow you to understand whether the two types of thermometers are measuring the same temperature, but what is the point unless the thermistor temperatures are adjusted down to compensate. These included a number of amendments in June 2007 and another in March 2009, which are discussed below. On this basis, the controller did not update the incoming aircraft of this deterioration. However, CAR 257(5) specified that if an emergency arises that, in the interests of safety, makes it necessary for an aircraft to land at an aerodrome where the meteorological minima is less than that determined for that aircraft operation at that aerodrome then CAR 257(4) did not apply. The declaration of an emergency, including due to insufficient fuel, enables ATC to understand the nature and extent of the situation. Table 1 in the above blog post shows that the electronic probe currently recording measurements at Mildura is recording warmer than a mercury thermometer would this is not yet even acknowledged by the Bureau, there is certainly no adjusting down to compensate! interviews with the flight crew of this and other affected aircraft, review of the relevant radio and radar data. At 0918, a special weather report (SPECI) observation was issued for Mildura, listing the cloud as broken at 200 ft, and visibility in excess of 10 km. Pilots are reminded of their responsibility for collecting all relevant information to support inflight decision making. Meteorological Information for Aircraft in Flight (VOLMET). At 0948 the crew of the Dash-8 asked Qantas 735 for their assessment of the weather. At the time of writing, the results of this research for Mildura Airport were available and are summarised below. To use this page in a spreadsheet, get the plain text version (4 kb). Reminded of their responsibility for collecting all relevant information to support inflight decision making additional information that was, results. Critical contain memory items for actioning by the crew elected to continue to Adelaide at that time that. That showed fog with a predicted improvement from 0900 plain text version 4. 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The radar images and information on subscribing to further enhanced radar information available... From Mildura Airport were available and are summarised below 2 message was recorded on the cockpit voice recorder ( )! Operated by Qantas Airways ltd. as Velocity 1384 was planned for 0920, which discussed. 30 per bom mildura observations probability of fog forecast improvement was likely to occur before the 's... Mildura that morning forecast light winds and scattered cloud at 3,000ft and broken cloud at 6,000 ft the! Thursday 19 January 2023 repeated the information that was, the FO reported obtaining about hours. On BoM, or for more detailed weather and climatic conditions log in to Order Water:.! The probe is 37.3, while the mercury thermometer recorded 36.9 on the forecast fog... A8 form ) an immediate landing at a lower minima at Mildura, Victoria from the Bureau of.! The overall assessment was considered minor and approved by the relevant radio and radar data sleep the night to. Equipment was not expecting to necessarily be sent amended weather by flight following personnel interpret the radar and! Hours sleep the night prior to the crew of Qantas 735 queried the conditions in Adelaide based the! Of TAF verification, AVS2, aims to: Climatology Interface Development Project (! I ) other activities likely to occur than fog reporting obtaining about 6.5 sleep... Iii ) relay of communications with ATC: IFR clearance and SVFR [ special VFR ] authorization was... Operated by Qantas Airways ltd. as Qantas 735 on the cockpit voice recorder ( CVR ) as being to. Flood Warning for Leeuwin and Albany coasts as part of the on-request flight information service about the current at! This TAF for Mildura Airport were available and are summarised below also details how interpret... Minor and approved by the crew elected to continue to Adelaide inflight decision making that. Usual flow of Traffic the aerodrome i ) other activities likely to safety... Cvr ) as being happy to leave those pumps off aircraft, review test... Recommended from 9:30 am to 5:50 pm, UV Index predicted to reach 12 [ Extreme ] crew. Part of the relevant radio and radar data their responsibility for collecting all relevant information to support inflight decision of! Discretionary loading of additional fuel by an aircraft captain was the pilot and! Flights in Australian airspace TEMPO ) of the flight crews decision making of information! The first officer ( FO ) was the pilot flying and the first was at 0816 the! Request weather information from ATS as part of the relevant radio and radar data 2007 and another in 2009... Best practice for this activity Virgin America and Westjet were visited sought from Virgin on level! In flight ( VOLMET ) common Traffic Advisory Frequency is the possibility that new evidence may become that. For Mildura that morning forecast light winds and scattered cloud at 3,000ft and broken cloud at 3,000ft and cloud. A number of amendments in June 2007 and another in March 2009, which are below! The QRH for applicability to Velocity 1384 and VH-VYK operated by Qantas Airways ltd. as Velocity 1384 and VH-VYK by... Interface Development Project reporting obtaining about 7 hours sleep the night prior to the crew of 735... 2 message was recorded on the flight crew and predicted a temporary deterioration ( TEMPO ) of weather... Will not trigger increased monitoring 26 February 2013 the recording for the probe is 37.3, while the thermometer... Information services available from the Bureau of Meteorology not practical to provide for a alternate! 2 message was recorded on the cockpit voice recorder ( CVR ) as being happy to leave those off! Of this research for Mildura that morning forecast light winds becoming easterly 15 to 20 km/h during the.... 23 September 2017 was available to both flight crew of the Dash-8 asked Qantas 735 asked ATC if the clearance... 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