Of the 36 deep-water ports, Santos, Itaja, Rio Grande, Paranagu, Rio de Janeiro, Sepetiba, Vitria, Suape, Manaus and So Francisco do Sul are the most important. Kindergarten, elementary and medium education are required of all students. WebBrazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest nation in the world. WebBrazil. [118][119][120], Little by little, a cycle of general instability sparked by these crises undermined the regime to such an extent that in the wake of the murder of his running mate, the defeated opposition presidential candidate Getlio Vargas, supported by most of the military, successfully led the Revolution of 1930. However, efforts to change this are making impacts. [160][161], Rousseff was impeached by the Brazilian Congress in 2016, halfway into her second term,[162][163] and replaced by her Vice-president Michel Temer, who assumed full presidential powers after Rousseff's impeachment was accepted on 31 August. Portuguese colonial architecture was the first wave of architecture to go to Brazil. [233] The states' Military Police and the Military Firefighters Corps are described as an ancillary forces of the Army by the constitution, but are under the control of each state's governor. the industrial zones of Manaus can be reached only by means of the SolimesAmazonas waterway (3,250 kilometers or 2,020 miles in length, with a minimum depth of six meters or 20 feet). While there were national film productions during the early 20th century, American films such as Rio the Magnificent were made in Rio de Janeiro to promote tourism in the city. WebBrazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest nation in the world. Finally, external but preventable factors such as car accidents, violence and suicide caused 14.9% of all deaths in the country. [433], Some aspects of Brazilian culture were influenced by the contributions of Italian, German and other European as well as Japanese, Jewish and Arab immigrants who arrived in large numbers in the South and Southeast of Brazil during the 19th and 20th centuries. [50], Following the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas, the land now called Brazil was claimed for the Portuguese Empire on 22 April 1500, with the arrival of the Portuguese fleet commanded by Pedro lvares Cabral. Flag. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. [14], Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world, and third largest in the Americas, with a total area of 8,515,767.049km2 (3,287,956sqmi),[173] including 55,455km2 (21,411sqmi) of water. It is the economic leader of South America, with the ninth-largest economy in the world, and a large iron and aluminum ore reserve. The word "Brazil" likely comes from the Portuguese word for brazilwood, a tree that once grew plentifully along the Brazilian coast. [93], During the last phase of the monarchy, internal political debate centered on the issue of slavery. Brazil is the worlds twelfth-largest economy, and the United States is Brazils second-largest trading partner. Brazil, officially Federative Republic of Brazil, Portuguese Repblica Federativa do Brasil, country of South America that occupies half the continents landmass. "Slaves, Peasants, and Rebels" Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois 1992, MacLachlan, Colin M. "A History of Modern Brazil: The Past Against the Future"; Scholarly Resources Inc. 2003 p. 3. Why have so few heard of it? [464] Brazil also holds its own literary academy, the Brazilian Academy of Letters, a non-profit cultural organization pointed in perpetuating the care of the national language and literature. [345], For freight transport waterways are of importance, e.g. [267] The large service sector accounts for about 72.7% of total GDP, followed by the industrial sector (20.7%), while the agriculture sector is by far the smallest, making up 6.6% of total GDP. Paulo. Human settlement in Brazil is thought to have begun at least 32,000 years ago. Judges and other judicial officials are appointed after passing entry exams.[207]. [164] The charges against her were fueled by political and economic crises along with evidence of involvement with politicians (from all the primary political parties) in several bribery and tax evasion schemes. [77] There they established some of Brazil's first financial institutions, such as its local stock exchanges[78] and its National Bank, additionally ending the Portuguese monopoly on Brazilian trade and opening Brazil to other nations. [359], Race and ethnicity in Brazil[360][361][362], According to the National Research by Household Sample (PNAD) of 2008, 48.43% of the population (about 92 million) described themselves as White; 43.80% (about 83 million) as Pardo (brown), 6.84% (about 13 million) as Black; 0.58% (about 1.1million) as East Asian (officially called yellow or amarela); and 0.28% (about 536 thousand) as Amerindian (officially called indgena, Indigenous), while 0.07% (about 130 thousand) did not declare their race. Single. [128], Throughout World War II, Brazil remained neutral until August 1942 Brazil suffered retaliation by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in a strategic dispute over the South Atlantic, and, therefore, entered on the allied side. WebGovernment of Brazil. It forms an enormous triangle on the eastern side of the continent with a 4,500-mile (7,400-kilometer) coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. [44], Around the time of the Portuguese arrival, the territory of current day Brazil had an estimated indigenous population of 7 million people,[45] mostly semi-nomadic, who subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering, and migrant agriculture. Brazil is the eighth-largest economy in the world, but is recovering from a recession in 2015 and 2016 that ranks as the worst in the countrys history. (Bruno Barreto, 1997) and Central do Brasil (Walter Salles, 1998), all of which were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, the latter receiving a Best Actress nomination for Fernanda Montenegro. [250], In Brazil, the Constitution establishes six different police agencies for law enforcement: Federal Police Department, Federal Highway Police, Federal Railroad Police, Federal, District and State Penal Police (included by the Constitutional Amendment No. Rocha's films Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol (1964) and Terra em Transe (1967) are considered to be some of the greatest and most influential in Brazilian film history.[475]. [332], As for oil, the Brazilian government has embarked on a program over the decades to reduce dependence on imported oil, which previously accounted for more than 70% of the country's oil needs. Outline Map. Brazil as a whole is significantly more polarized and much of the Amazon region is led by governors and mayors who align themselves with Bolsonaro. The pottery was found near Santarm and provides evidence that the tropical forest region supported a complex prehistoric culture. [309], Brazil is one of the three countries in Latin America[310] with an operational Synchrotron Laboratory, a research facility on physics, chemistry, material science and life sciences, and Brazil is the only Latin American country to have a semiconductor company with its own fabrication plant, the CEITEC. Brazil. [136] Juscelino Kubitschek became president in 1956 and assumed a conciliatory posture towards the political opposition that allowed him to govern without major crises. [448] Jack A. Draper III, a professor of Portuguese at the University of Missouri,[449] argues that Forr was used as a way to subdue feelings of nostalgia for a rural lifestyle. Government of Brazil. The Brazilian conductor Antnio Carlos Gomes became internationally known with operas like Il Guarany. The former Brazilian president has taken up residence in Florida, leading to an outcry from House Democrats. and other services such as education, social and health services, research and development, sports activities, etc., since it consists of activities complementary to other sectors. Some early sailors called it the "Land of Parrots. [285][286][287] In 2018, the chemical industry of Brazil was the eighth-largest in the world. [443] Until the nineteenth century, Portugal was the gateway to most of the influences that built Brazilian music, although many of these elements were not of Portuguese origin, but generally European. Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world in terms of population (208.8 million in 2018) and well as land area. It forms an enormous triangle on the eastern side of the continent with a 4,500-mile (7,400-kilometer) coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil is also the longest country in the world, spanning 4,395km (2,731mi) from north to south,[14] and the only country in the world that has the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn running through it. [166] According to a 2018 poll, 62% of the population said that corruption was Brazil's biggest problem. [356], In 2008, the illiteracy rate was 11.48%[357] and among the youth (ages 1519) 1.74%. While in So Paulo the homicide rate registered in 2013 was 10.8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, in Alagoas it was 64.7 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. [351] From 1880 to 1930, 4 million Europeans arrived. ", "Brazil launches international TV station for Africa", "Futebol, o esporte mais popular do Brasil, destaque no Via Legal:: Notcias", "International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation", International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation, "Olympics 2016: Tearful Pele and weeping Lula greet historic win for Rio", "O Mecenato Artstico de D. Pedro II e o Projeto Imperial", As barbas do imperador: D. 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[288][289][290] Although, it was among the five largest world producers in 2013, Brazil's textile industry is very little integrated into world trade. [434] The indigenous Amerindians influenced Brazil's language and cuisine; and the Africans influenced language, cuisine, music, dance and religion. [123][124], In the 1930s, three failed attempts to remove Vargas and his supporters from power occurred. Corcovado - Christ the Redeemer. [408][406], Brazil's private institutions tend to be more exclusive and offer better quality education, so many high-income families send their children there. Although defined by law, Brazilian regions are useful mainly for statistical purposes, and also to define the distribution of federal funds in development projects. [140] His vice-president, Joo Goulart, assumed the presidency, but aroused strong political opposition[141] and was deposed in April 1964 by a coup that resulted in a military dictatorship. 70, 79, 202, Minahan, James B. So Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 1997. [32] In Portuguese, brazilwood is called pau-brasil, with the word brasil commonly given the etymology "red like an ember," formed from brasa ("ember") and the suffix -il (from -iculum or -ilium). Regarding livestock, it is one of the 5 largest producers of chicken meat, beef, pork and cow's milk in the world. The Brazilian regions are merely geographical, not political or administrative divisions, and they do not have any specific form of government. Other Protestant branches with a notable presence in the country include the Baptists, Seventh-day Adventists, Lutherans and the Reformed tradition. 10, 12, David R. Mares; "Violent peace: militarized interstate bargaining in Latin America", M.Sharp, I. Westwell & J.Westwood; "History of World War I, Volume 1" Marshall Cavendish Corporation 2002, p. 97, Charles Howard Ellis; "The origin, structure & working of the League of Nations" The LawBook Exchange Ltd 2003 pp. [257], Brazil is a federation composed of 26 states, one federal district, and the 5,570 municipalities. The 1937 coup d'tat resulted in the cancellation of the 1938 election and formalized Vargas as dictator, beginning the Estado Novo era. During this period, government brutality and censorship of the press increased. [67], By the end of the 17th century, sugarcane exports began to decline[68] and the discovery of gold by bandeirantes in the 1690s would become the new backbone of the colony's economy, fostering a Brazilian Gold Rush[69] which attracted thousands of new settlers to Brazil from Portugal and all Portuguese colonies around the world. Most of them are public. After rapid growth in preceding decades, the country entered an ongoing recession in 2014 amid a political corruption scandal and nationwide protests. At 8.5million square kilometers (3,300,000sqmi)[10] and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. The country also has 50,000 kilometers (31,000 miles) of waterways. Economic overview. The Brazilian landscape is very varied. Peanuts are used to make paoca, rapadura and p-de-moleque. Brazil's railway system has been declining since 1945, when emphasis shifted to highway construction. [31] Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane, soy, coffee and orange; is one of the top 5 producers of maize, cotton, lemon, tobacco, pineapple, banana, beans, coconut, watermelon and papaya; and is one of the top 10 world producers of cocoa, cashew, mango, rice, tomato, sorghum, tangerine, avocado, persimmon, and guava, among others. [352] Brazil's population increased significantly between 1940 and 1970, because of a decline in the mortality rate, even though the birth rate underwent a slight decline. WebBrazil. [175] These ranges include the Mantiqueira and Espinhao mountains and the Serra do Mar. Regrettably, its also one of the most endangered biomes in the world, with just 12.5% of it remaining in disparate fragments along Brazils southeast-facing coastline. Court decisions set out interpretive guidelines; however, they are seldom binding on other specific cases. There he swore an oath to the new constitution, leaving his son, Prince Pedro de Alcntara, as Regent of the Kingdom of Brazil. "Ethnic Groups of the Americas" ABC-CLIO 2013, Richard Middleton and Anne Lombard "Colonial America: A History to 1763" Wiley-Blackwell Publishing 1st edition 1992, Corrado, Jacopo "The Creole Elite and the Rise of Angolan Protonationalism", Bethell, Leslie "Colonial Brazil" Cambridge University Press 1987 pp. [100] A few days later, the national flag was replaced with a new design that included the national motto "Ordem e Progresso", influenced by positivism. 2014 amid a political corruption scandal and nationwide protests to remove Vargas and his supporters from power occurred not., three failed attempts to remove Vargas and his supporters from power occurred, to! 93 ], in the country entered an ongoing recession in 2014 amid a political corruption scandal and protests. Brazilian president has taken up residence in Florida, leading to an outcry from Democrats. 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