The Iskar River in its upper course flows near eastern Sofia. Practical information for tourists in the Covid-19, Practical information for tourists COVID-19, , National Representation for Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria, St Nikolas Monastery village of Skravena, Information and recommendations about COVID-19, Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria. Since Mount Vitosha is a preferred destination for the capitals residents, its fields and paths are alive with nature lovers. All images, advertising and video materials and/or other information published on this website are property of the Ministry of Tourism and are protected by the Law on Copyright and Related Rights,according tothe Bulgarian laws to all applicable international and relevant acts of the European Union. The Central Railway Station is the primary hub for domestic and international rail transport, carried out by Bulgarian State Railways (BDZ), the national rail company headquartered in the city. Ivanova, Svetlana, "ofya", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union. [168] The total nominal GDP in 2018 was 38.5billion leva ($22.4billion), or 33,437 leva ($19,454) per capita,[169][170] and average monthly wages in March 2020 were $1,071, the highest nationally. The architecture of Sofia's centre is thus a combination of Neo-Baroque, Neo-Rococo, Neo-Renaissance and Neoclassicism, with the Vienna Secession also later playing an important part, but it is most typically Central European. [132], Under Bulgaria's centralised political system, Sofia concentrates much of the political and financial resources of the country. In 1879 there was a dispute about what the name of the new Bulgarian capital should be, when the citizens created a committee of famous people, insisting for the Slavic name. Stalinist Gothic public buildings emerged in the centre, notably the spacious government complex around The Largo, Vasil Levski Stadium, the Cyril and Methodius National Library and others. Private automobile ownership has grown rapidly in the 1990s; more than 1,000,000 cars were registered in Sofia after 2002. During the reign of Emperor Marcus Ulpius Trajan (reign 98-117 CE), the city took his name, Ulpia Serdika, and became the administrative center of the region. Popov, D. Thracians, Sofia, p.h. The Ottomans came to favour the name Sofya (). It is situated in western Bulgaria, at the northern foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the Sofia Valley that is surrounded by the Balkan mountains to the north. [199] Marshrutkas provide an efficient and popular means of transport by being faster than public transport, but cheaper than taxis. ERH represents the highest level of security possible in the 3-Tier System and is reserved for those who cannot be safely managed at any lower security level. The Thracians, Iztok Zapad, Sofia, 2011. Three freeways begin in Sofia: Trakia, Lyulin, and Hemus. [96] In the second half of 10th century the city was ruled by Komit Nikola and his sons, known as the "Komitopuli". A double perimeter, razor ribbon reinforced, alarmed and patrolled fence is required for this level of security. The city has an extensive green belt. These include Tsarigradsko shose, Cherni Vrah, Bulgaria, Slivnitsa and Todor Aleksandrov boulevards, as well as the city's ring road. [8], For a long time the city possessed[29] a Thracian name, Serdica (Ancient Greek: .mw-parser-output .polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek",Athena,"EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre",Cardo,"Gentium Plus",Gentium,Garamond,"Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",FreeSerif,FreeSans,"Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande",Code2000,sans-serif} Serdik, or Sardik; Latin: .mw-parser-output .script-latin{font-family:"Palemonas MUFI","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Garamond Libre","Cormorant Garamond",Cormorant,Cardo,"ETBookOT","ETBembo","Junicode New","Junicode","Andron Freefont LAT","PFEFFER MEDIVAL","Open Baskerville","Adobe Garamond Pro","Adobe Caslon Pro","Baskerville Ten","Garamond",serif}Serdica or Sardica), derived from the tribe Serdi, who were either of Thracian,[16][18] Celtic,[30] or mixed Thracian-Celtic origin. Sofia is a regional IT hub, ranking second among the Top 10 fastest growing tech centers in Europe in terms of annual growth of active members. The city is the hot spot of internal migration, the capital population is increasing and is around 17% of the national,[162] thus a small number of people with local roots remain today, they dominate the surrounding rural suburbs and are called Shopi. Sofia (/sofi, sf-, sofi/ SOH-fee-, SOF-;[14][15] Bulgarian: , romanized:Sofiya,[16][17] IPA:[sfij] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. [117] Later, many foreign-educated Bulgarian architects also contributed. The infant mortality rate was 5.6 per 1,000, down from 18.9 in 1980. It was the citys major church during the Middle Ages, and under the Ottomans, it was used as a mosque. It also has facilities for night skiing. The origin is in the Greek word sophia () "wisdom". A number of shallow rivers cross the city, including the Boyanska, Vladayska and Perlovska. In 1530 Sofia became the capital of the Ottoman province (beylerbeylik) of Rumelia for about three centuries. We provide training to help local jurisdictions learn the core elements of CITs and assess agency readiness to start a CIT. [188] All major types of transport (except water) are represented in the city. - , , "": ", "HE Prime Minister Presides Over Cabinet Regular Meeting", " , , , , ", "Sofia, Shanghai to become sister cities", "Sofia, Budapest to Cooperate in Culture, Tourism, Economy", "Acordos de geminao, de cooperao e de amizade", Sofia by Night Light: A Photographic Exhibition, Etymological list of provinces of Bulgaria, Institutional seats of the European Union, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sofia&oldid=1134415457, Populated places established in the 7th millennium BC, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Articles with dead external links from May 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with Bulgarian-language sources (bg), Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Articles containing Bulgarian-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2021, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Level 4 -The security level that is the next degree higher than Level 3, and requires more security/supervision than Level 3. By the time of its liberation the population of the city was 11,649. It has a humid continental climate. BAS is the centrepiece of scientific research in Bulgaria, employing more than 4,500 scientists in various institutes. In the 15th and 16th century, Sofia was expanded by Ottoman building activity. It is one of ODRCs central principles to treat people differently based on their conduct while incarcerated. The ADOC Classification Manual is the document of direction in all matters of inmate classification and procedures thereunto. One year later, in 1880, it was the fifth-largest city in the country after Plovdiv, Varna, Ruse and Shumen. [122] The mayor Yordanka Fandakova is serving a third consecutive term, having won the 2015 election at first round with 238,500 votes,[123] or 60.2% of the vote, when Reformist Bloc opponent Vili Lilkov was second with 9.6%; the turnout was 41.25%. Borisov Park is right in the center of the city, and South Park is next to the National Palace of Culture. [81] The earliest mention of the city comes from an Athenian inscription from the 1st century BC, attesting Astiu ton Serdon, i.e. These include the First English Language School, 91st German Language School, 164th Spanish Language School, and the Lyce Franais. It represents the primary security level for Control Units in the 3-Tier System. The city is ranked 62nd among financial centres worldwide. The city center contains many remains of ancient Serdica that have been excavated and are on public display, including Complex Ancient Serdica, eastern gate, western gate, city walls, thermal baths, 4th c. church of St. George Rotunda, amphitheatre of Serdica, the tombs and basilicas under the basilica of St. Sophia. [10] The metropolitan area of Sofia is based upon one hour of car travel time, stretches internationally and includes Dimitrovgrad in Serbia. The city is home to a number of large sports venues, including the 43,000-seat Vasil Levski National Stadium which hosts international football matches, as well as Balgarska Armia Stadium, Georgi Asparuhov Stadium and Lokomotiv Stadium, the main venues for outdoor musical concerts. [48], Summers are quite warm and sunny. [71], Particulate matter concentrations are consistently above the norm. The Polytechnical Museum has more than 1,000 technological items on display. [205][206] The American College of Sofia, a private secondary school with roots in a school founded by American missionaries in 1860, is among the oldest American educational institutions outside of the United States. The species of flora in the park are particularly rich and varied. It takes its source in Rila, Bulgaria's highest mountain,[41] and enters Sofia Valley near the village of German. The city was also an applicant for the 2014 Winter Olympics, but was not selected as candidate. However, the city is also subject to heat waves with high temperatures reaching or exceeding 35C (95F) on the hottest days, particularly in July and August. In the 1st century BC, Serdika was captured by the Romans, who transformed it into a Roman city. Akadmiai Kiad, 1977 "As Macedonia itself was in danger, Crassus readily advanced as far as Segetika (-Serdica)", " --[ ]-- . - 18771878 . Of these 864 do not have any water supply and 688 have other than communal. Back to Search. After World War II and the establishment of a Communist government in Bulgaria in 1944, the architectural style was substantially altered. Inmate Inquiry. [20] The city has been described as the "triangle of religious tolerance". The city gained its present name at the end of the 14th century, in honor of the citys major symbol, The Saint Sofia Basilica. The National History Museum, located in Boyana, it has a vast collection of more than 650,000 historical items dating from Prehistory to the modern era, although only 10,000 of them are permanently displayed due to the lack of space. [70] During the October 2017 March 2018 heating season, particulate levels exceeded the norm on 70 occasions;[69] on 7 January 2018, PM10 levels reached 632g/m3,[72] some twelve times the EU norm of 50g/m3. Like every big city, Sofia has something for every taste. Armeets Arena holds many indoor events and has a capacity of up to 19,000 people depending on its use. There are 16 industrial and logistics parks in Sofia, some sprawling to towns in neighbouring Sofia Province, such as Bozhurishte, Kostinbrod and Elin Pelin. As the city grew outwards, the then-new neighbourhoods were dominated by many concrete tower blocks, prefabricated panel apartment buildings and examples of Brutalist architecture. A view of the valley from the south. (AP) The hunt is on for an inmate who walked away from a low-level corrections cente Calls for prison reform in Mississippi after inmate murders and escapes Tuesday, January 7, 2020 Over the last 10 days, five inmates were killed in different Mississippi state prisons. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. The assembly members are chosen every four years. : +359 2 4918345 E-mail: tourist@info-sofia.bg, Tel. The Bulgarian Volleyball Federation is the world's second-oldest, and it was an exhibition tournament organised by the BVF in Sofia that convinced the International Olympic Committee to include volleyball as an olympic sport in 1957. [99] Several of the city's governors were members of the Bulgarian imperial family and held the title of sebastokrator, the second highest at the time, after the tsar. Bulgarian rule was restored in 1878. There are four principal parks Borisova gradina in the city centre and the Southern, Western and Northern parks. The heat distribution piping network is 900km (559mi) long and comprises 14,000 substations and 10,000 heated buildings. These elements are: assessing risk and needs; assigning inmates to housing; meeting inmates basic needs; defining and conveying expectations for inmate behavior; supervising inmates; and keeping inmates productively occupied. These are among the most sought-after secondary schools, along with Vladislav the Grammarian 73rd Secondary School and the High School of Mathematics, which topped the 2018 preference list for high school candidates. It became the capital of the beylerbeylik of Rumelia (Rumelia Eyalet), the province that administered the Ottoman lands in Europe (the Balkans), one of the two together with the beylerbeylik of Anatolia. Sofia is located in the western part of the country, on The Sofia Plain and the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha. Sofia's geographic location, in the foothills of the weekend retreat Vitosha mountain, further adds to the city's specific atmosphere. It is thought that the church was built in the 6th century, during the reign of Constantine the Great. The urban area of Sofia hosts some 1.54million[9] residents within 5723km2, which comprises Sofia City Province and parts of Sofia Province (Dragoman, Slivnitsa, Kostinbrod, Bozhurishte, Svoge, Elin Pelin, Gorna Malina, Ihtiman, Kostenets) and Pernik Province (Pernik, Radomir), representing 5.16% of the country territory. The citys average altitude is 550 meters above sea level, the climate is moderate and continental, characterized by cold winters and relatively cool summers. According to the 2011 census, people aged 2024 years are the most numerous group, numbering 133,170 individuals and accounting for 11% of the total 1,202,761 people. The hot springs at Bankya, a nearby resort offer wonderful facilities for rest, recreation, and wellness. [145] The Ivan Vazov National Theatre, which performs mainly classical plays and is situated in the very centre of the city, is the most prominent theatre. The Balkan Mountains and the beginning of the Iskar Gorge are visible in the distance. [77] Remains from another neolithic settlement around the National Art Gallery are traced to the 3rd4th millennium BC, which has been the traditional centre of the city ever since. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. In Sofia there are 607,473 dwellings and 101,696 buildings. Objective jail classification (OJC) is a process of assessing every jail inmate's custody and program needs and is considered one of the most important management tools available to jail administrators and criminal justice system planners. [78], The earliest tribes who settled were the Thracian Tilataei. We provide training on key elements in jail administration, jail resource management, and building a productive relationship between jail officials and their funding authority. The author outlines specific aspects of system implementation, automation, monitoring, and evaluation of OJC systems. We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on all phases of new-jail planning. DOC also uses risk sub codes as "flags" to designate a special situation or condition for staff to monitor. The President, along with the Council of Ministers, is located on Independence Square, also known as The Largo or The Triangle of Power. [150] Smaller collections of historical items are displayed in the National Archaeological Museum, a former mosque located between the edifices of the National Bank and the Presidency. [207], A number of secondary language schools provide education in a selected foreign language. 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Some of Bulgaria's most famous operatic singers, such as Nicolai Ghiaurov and Ghena Dimitrova, made their first appearances on the stage of the National Opera and Ballet. Bulgaria's largest art museums are located in the central areas of the city. Directly across from the church is The National Gallery of Art, which often exhibits works by world-famous artists. The largest group of the population aged over 20 are recorded to live within marriage (46.3%), another 43.8% are recorded as single and another 9.9% as having other type of coexistence/partnership, whereas not married in total are a majority and among people aged up to 40 and over 70. [23] It was Europe's most affordable capital to visit in 2013. The families that consist of two people are 46.8%, another 34.2% of the families are made up by three people, whereas most of the households (36.5%) consist of only one person.[116]. "[A]reas in which jails tend to be deficient, suggesting the need for new or revised forms of NIC assistance" are identified (p.2). Sredets joined the uprising of Peter Delyan in 10401041 in a failed attempt to restore Bulgarian independence and was the last stronghold of the rebels, led by the local commander Botko. The data generated through the classification process can also be used for operational, management, and planning purposes. Right in front of this museum if the Saint Nikolay Church, which is an architectural landmark. Roman emperors Aurelian (215275)[90] and Galerius (260311)[91] were born in Serdica. Sofia has been settled for many millennia. Other names given to Sofia, such as Serdonpolis ( , "City of the Serdi" in Greek) and Triaditza (, "Trinity" in Greek), were mentioned by Byzantine Greek sources or coins. Without a doubt, one of the most beautiful buildings in Sofia is the Ivan Vazov National Theater. 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